Sickle Cell Disease and Risk for Iron Overload
Some people with sickle cell disease continue to have blood transfusions to prevent and treat some of the serious health problems caused by their disease. Sickle cell disease is a common and inherited blood disorder that affects 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1000 Hispanic Americans. Although it’s more common in these ethnic groups, sickle cell disease can occur in people of all races.
In sickle cell disease, some red blood cells become rigid and crescent (sickle) shaped. These odd-shaped cells have a difficult time moving through blood vessels. They can cause blockages and prevent healthy blood cells from taking oxygen to tissues throughout the body. When the tissue does not get enough oxygen, pain results.
How Transfusions Help Sickle Cell Disease
Blood transfusions give people more of the healthy red blood cells, which makes them feel better. People with sickle cell disease may receive blood transfusions to relieve pain or symptoms of the disease. They may also receive blood transfusions:
• To prevent strokes
• To prevent problems with their lungs
• Before certain surgeries
• To prevent complications during pregnancy
10 Transfusions Put You at Risk
Although transfusions can help improve the health of people with sickle cell disease, they add extra iron to the body that can build up over time. If you have sickle cell disease and have had 10 or more transfusions during your lifetime, then you are at risk for iron overload.
Here are some things you can do to help take control of your health and help protect yourself from iron overload:
• Learn about how iron overload affects your body
• Keep track of the number of transfusions you’ve had and know if you’re at risk for Iron overload. Remember, 10 or more transfusions put you at risk for iron overload
• Talk with your doctor about your risk for iron overload
• Get tested. Ask your doctor about a simple blood test called the serum ferritin test
• Know your iron levels. If your iron level continues to be over 1000 mcg/L (micrograms per liter), you have iron overload
If you think you’re at risk, be sure to talk with your doctor about getting screened for iron overload.